[Neuromodulation in urology and proctology]

Electrical stimulation of sacral nerve roots is called neuromodulation. In urology, neuromodulation has been used for the treatment of frequency syndrome, urinary incontinence and urinary retention. Faecal incontinence and constipation are the most significant indications for the use of neuromodulation in gastroenterology. Carefully selected patients should be evaluated by trial test during which the symptom diary will be filled before implantation. Permanent generator implantation can be done for patients with significant objective relief of symptoms. Generator setting can be adjusted by a remote control. Clinical trials have shown the benefit of neuromodulation in long-term. Implanted patients have to stay under routine follow-up in order to detect device malfunctions.