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Related Concept Videos

ABC Transporters: Exporter01:31

ABC Transporters: Exporter

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporter is the largest superfamily of integral membrane proteins. The transporters have transmembrane-binding domains (TMDs) and nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs). The TMDs are specific to their substrates, whereas the NBDs are similar to engines that complete ATP hydrolysis to complete the substrate transport. They can be full transporters consisting of two TMDs and NBDs, half transporters with one TMD and NBD, while some encoded with a single TMD or NBD are...
ABC Transporters: Importer01:27

ABC Transporters: Importer

ATP-binding cassette or ABC transporters are a class of ATP-driven pumps that hydrolyze ATP to move solutes across the membrane. They can be grouped into importers and exporters. While exporters are present in all domains of life, importers exist only in bacteria and some plants.
In bacteria, based on the number of transmembrane helices and the chemical nature of their substrates, the ABC importers can be divided into three types:
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

ABCG5/G8 Crystallization in a Lipidic Bicelle Environment for X-Ray Crystallography
06:47

ABCG5/G8 Crystallization in a Lipidic Bicelle Environment for X-Ray Crystallography

Published on: August 25, 2023

ABCG transporters and disease.

Owen M Woodward1, Anna Köttgen, Michael Köttgen

  • 1Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

The FEBS Journal
|May 11, 2011
PubMed
Summary

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters move molecules across membranes. The ABCG subfamily

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Genetics and Disease

Background:

  • ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are essential transmembrane proteins involved in active transport across cellular membranes.
  • This large protein superfamily utilizes ATP hydrolysis to move diverse substrates, including lipids, ions, and xenobiotics.
  • The physiological roles and specific substrates for many ABC transporters, particularly within the ABCG subfamily, remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of the ABCG subfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters in human diseases.
  • To highlight how disease gene identification has elucidated the physiological substrates of specific ABC transporters.
  • To focus on the recent discovery linking mutations in ABCG2 to hyperuricemia and gout, identifying urate as its physiological substrate.

Main Methods:

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High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies
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High-Throughput Expression and Purification of Human Solute Carriers for Structural and Biochemical Studies

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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Published on: November 27, 2016

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ABCG5/G8 Crystallization in a Lipidic Bicelle Environment for X-Ray Crystallography
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ABCG5/G8 Crystallization in a Lipidic Bicelle Environment for X-Ray Crystallography

Published on: August 25, 2023

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07:10

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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

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  • Review of existing literature on ABC transporters, focusing on the ABCG subfamily and human diseases.
  • Analysis of genetic studies identifying mutations in ABC transporters associated with specific pathologies.
  • Integration of clinical findings with molecular data to determine transporter function and substrates.

Main Results:

  • Members of the ABCG subfamily play significant roles in various human diseases.
  • Genetic discoveries have been crucial in identifying the physiological substrates of several ABC transporters.
  • Mutations in ABCG2 are linked to hyperuricemia and gout, establishing urate as a physiological substrate for ABCG2.

Conclusions:

  • The ABCG subfamily is implicated in human disease, offering insights into transporter function.
  • Elucidating the physiological substrates of ABC transporters is vital for understanding their role in health and disease.
  • The identification of urate as a substrate for ABCG2 provides a key example of how disease research advances fundamental knowledge of ABC transporter biology.