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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Polynucleotide vaccination for cancer-treatment (review).

R Spooner, S Bel, A Epenetos

    International Journal of Oncology
    |May 11, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pure naked DNA plasmids can trigger immune responses against tumor proteins. This approach may overcome immune tolerance, potentially leading to effective anti-tumor immunity by presenting tumor fragments as antigens.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Cancer Research

    Background:

    • Inoculation with naked DNA plasmids can induce immune responses against encoded proteins.
    • Tumor-specific proteins expressed from plasmids may access the MHC Class I pathway.
    • This mimics viral antigen presentation in infected cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential of naked DNA plasmids to break immunological tolerance.
    • To explore the generation of tumor-specific immune responses using this method.
    • To evaluate the presentation of tumor-derived peptides via the MHC Class I pathway.

    Main Methods:

    • Inoculation of animals with plasmid DNA encoding tumor-specific proteins.
    • Analysis of immune responses, including antibody and T-cell responses.

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    Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo
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    Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo

    Published on: September 28, 2022

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    Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

    Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
    12:42

    Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

    Published on: January 7, 2019

    Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo
    07:33

    Preparation, Characteristics, Toxicity, and Efficacy Evaluation of the Nasal Self-Assembled Nanoemulsion Tumor Vaccine In Vitro and In Vivo

    Published on: September 28, 2022

  • Investigation of antigen processing and presentation pathways (MHC Class I).

    • Main Results:

    • Naked DNA plasmid inoculation stimulated immune responses against plasmid-encoded proteins.
    • Exogenous tumor protein fragments were processed and presented via the MHC Class I pathway.
    • This presentation mimicked endogenous viral antigen presentation.

    Conclusions:

    • Naked DNA plasmids can induce immune responses against tumor-associated antigens.
    • This strategy may overcome immune tolerance to tumors.
    • It holds potential for generating effective anti-tumor immunity.