[Anal canal basaloid carcinoma with vaginal invasion which was recurrence-free for 5 years postoperatively]

We performed abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum and partial resection of a vagina in a 78-year-old woman on a diagnosis of anal canal basaloid carcinoma with vaginal invasion. We did not perform specific adjuvant therapy pre- or postoperatively, but no recurrence appeared for 5 years. Anal canal basaloid carcinoma is a comparatively rare disorder, and the prognosis is relatively good. It seemed that determination of the indication of postoperative adjuvant therapy will require the accumulation of future further cases and enough appearance with operative methods in the treatment of anal canal basaloid carcinoma.