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Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Fecal (micro) RNA Isolation

Fecal (micro) RNA Isolation

Published on: October 28, 2020

Microbiota modulate host gene expression via microRNAs.

Guillaume Dalmasso¹, Hang Thi Thu Nguyen, Yutao Yan

¹Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America. gdalmas@emory.edu

|May 12, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiota influences host gene expression through microRNAs (miRNAs). This study shows that colonizing germ-free mice with microbiota alters miRNA expression, impacting host genes like Abcc3.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Microbiota are known to modulate host gene expression, but the mechanisms are unclear.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, but their role in host-microbiota interactions is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the involvement of miRNAs in microbiota-mediated host gene expression regulation.
To identify specific miRNAs and host genes affected by gut microbiota colonization.

Main Methods:

Colonization of germ-free mice with microbiota.
Comparative miRNA expression profiling using miRNA arrays.
Computational prediction of miRNA targets and validation using DNA microarrays and cell lines.

Main Results:

Microbiota colonization altered the expression of 1 miRNA in the ileum and 8 miRNAs in the colon.
Several host genes were identified as potential miRNA targets regulated by microbiota colonization.
mmu-miR-665 was found to directly down-regulate Abcc3 expression by targeting its 3'-UTR.

Conclusions:

Microbiota colonization modulates host miRNA expression.
Host miRNAs, in turn, can regulate host gene expression in response to microbiota colonization.