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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Electrocardiogram01:29

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals01:28

Electrocardiogram Fundamentals

Introduction
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin to...

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Electrocardiographic and oximetric changes during partial complex and generalized seizures.

Brian D Moseley1, Elaine C Wirrell, Katherine Nickels

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. moseley.brian@mayo.edu

Epilepsy Research
|May 13, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Autonomic changes like heart rate and oxygen level alterations during seizures are common. These ictal events may be linked to sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) risk factors.

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Methods for ECG Evaluation of Indicators of Cardiac Risk, and Susceptibility to Aconitine-induced Arrhythmias in Rats Following Status Epilepticus

Published on: April 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Autonomic dysfunction is observed during seizures.
  • This dysfunction may contribute to sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of heart rate, QTc interval, and oximetric changes during seizures.
  • To analyze the association of these ictal changes with SUDEP risk factors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 218 seizures from 76 patients.
  • Evaluation of ictal sinus tachycardia, bradycardia, QTc interval prolongation/shortening, and hypoxemia.
  • Correlation of autonomic changes with epilepsy characteristics and SUDEP risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Ictal sinus tachycardia occurred in 57% of seizures, associated with failed anti-epileptic drug (AED) trials, generalized seizures, and normal brain MRI.
  • Ictal bradycardia was rare (2%) but linked to seizure clustering and high seizure frequency.
  • Clinically significant ictal QTc prolongation occurred in 4.8-16.2% of seizures.
  • Ictal hypoxemia occurred in 25% of seizures, associated with normal MRI, longer seizure duration, and ictal tachycardia.

Conclusions:

  • Significant autonomic changes, including tachycardia, bradycardia, QTc prolongation, and hypoxemia, are prevalent during seizures.
  • These ictal autonomic events are associated with specific epilepsy characteristics and potential SUDEP risk factors.
  • Understanding these associations is crucial for elucidating SUDEP pathogenesis.