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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Isolation, Characterization, and Total DNA Extraction to Identify Endophytic Fungi in Mycoheterotrophic Plants

Isolation, Characterization, and Total DNA Extraction to Identify Endophytic Fungi in Mycoheterotrophic Plants

Published on: May 5, 2023

Progress towards DNA barcoding of fungi.

Keith A Seifert¹

¹Biodiversity (Mycology & Botany), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A OC6.

Molecular Ecology Resources

|May 14, 2011

Summary

DNA sequencing has long been used for fungal identification. Research suggests the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is the most suitable fungal DNA barcode marker.

Area of Science:

Mycology
Molecular Taxonomy
Genetics

Background:

DNA sequencing for fungal identification predates the DNA barcoding movement.
The field has shifted from phenotypic to molecular taxonomy in mycology.
Online fungal identification databases are available.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of the shift towards molecular taxonomy in mycology.
To evaluate potential DNA barcode markers for fungal identification.
To discuss the future development of fungal DNA barcoding.

Main Methods:

Review of existing mycological research on DNA identification methods.
Evaluation of the suitability of cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) as a fungal barcode marker.
Analysis of the utility of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences in fungi.

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Main Results:

Cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) shows limitations for universal fungal barcoding due to intron issues and lack of resolution.
The fungal nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region has a strong research base (15 years) supporting its use.
Existing mycological research networks can aid in the rapid development of fungal DNA barcoding.

Conclusions:

The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is proposed as the standard fungal DNA barcode marker.
Adoption of ITS will facilitate the development and standardization of fungal DNA barcoding.
Further development of fungal DNA barcoding relies on settling the marker issue and leveraging research networks.