Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

Kidney stones

Ranan Dasgupta1, Jonathan Glass, Jonathon Olsburgh

  • 1Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London, UK.

BMJ Clinical Evidence
|May 14, 2011
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

This systematic review evaluates interventions for kidney and ureteric stones. It found 21 studies on treatments like lithotripsy and medications, assessing their effectiveness and safety for stone removal and renal colic management.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Nephrology
  • Evidence-Based Medicine

Background:

  • Kidney stone disease affects all ages, with peak incidence between 20-40 years.
  • A male predominance is observed, with a 3:2 male to female ratio.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review interventions for asymptomatic and symptomatic kidney stones.
  • To evaluate treatments for symptomatic ureteric stones.
  • To assess interventions for acute renal colic management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 21 studies including systematic reviews, RCTs, and observational studies.
  • Searched major databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library) up to May 2008.
  • Included harms data from FDA and MHRA.

Main Results:

  • Evaluated evidence quality using GRADE methodology.
  • Included studies on various interventions for stone removal and pain management.

Conclusions:

  • Presents information on the effectiveness and safety of antispasmodic drugs, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, intravenous fluids, NSAIDs, opioids, oral fluids, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and ureteroscopy.
  • Provides a comprehensive overview of current interventions for kidney and ureteric stones.

More Related Videos

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition03:19

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition

Published on: June 21, 2024

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy03:56

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy

Published on: September 13, 2022

Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.