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Effect of proteins from different sources on body composition
J-A Gilbert1, N T Bendsen, A Tremblay
1Division of kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Canada.
Summary
High-protein diets aid body fat regulation, but protein source effects on body composition and energy balance remain unclear. More research is needed to determine if animal or plant proteins offer distinct benefits for weight management.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Metabolism
- Body Composition Analysis
Background:
- High-protein diets are recognized for their positive impact on body fat regulation.
- However, the specific effects of different protein sources on metabolic outcomes are not well-established.
- Understanding these differences is crucial for optimizing dietary strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and analyze the current literature on the effects of various protein sources on body composition and energy balance.
- To compare the impact of animal-derived proteins versus plant-derived proteins.
- To identify gaps in the existing research regarding protein source efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing scientific literature.
- Analysis of studies investigating protein intake, body composition, and energy expenditure.
- Comparison of outcomes based on protein source (e.g., dairy, fish, plant-based).
Main Results:
- Animal proteins, particularly dairy, may promote superior muscle protein synthesis compared to plant proteins.
- Some evidence suggests whey and fish proteins have a higher satiating effect than other sources.
- Current data on the impact of different protein sources on body weight and composition is inconclusive and limited.
Conclusions:
- While protein intake generally boosts energy expenditure, satiety, and fat loss, clear evidence differentiating the effects of animal versus plant protein sources is lacking.
- Further comprehensive studies are required, especially those precisely evaluating body composition and including underrepresented protein sources like legumes and nuts.
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