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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Using Primary Neurosphere Cultures to Study Primary Cilia

Published on: April 14, 2017

TMJ development and growth require primary cilia function.

T Kinumatsu¹, Y Shibukawa, T Yasuda

¹Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Abramson Research Center, 902 Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|May 14, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Kif3a protein and primary cilia are essential for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) development. Their absence in mice leads to abnormal TMJ growth and bone formation, likely due to disrupted hedgehog signaling.

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Area of Science:

Skeletal Biology
Cellular Biology
Developmental Biology

Background:

Primary cilia regulate skeletal development and hedgehog signaling.
The role of primary cilia in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) development remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the function of primary cilia in TMJ development using Kif3a conditional mouse mutants.
To elucidate the role of Kif3a in chondrocyte maturation and bone formation within the TMJ.

Main Methods:

Generated conditional mouse mutants lacking Kif3a specifically in cartilage.
Analyzed TMJ morphology, cellular composition, and gene expression in mutant and wild-type mice.
Examined primary cilia presence and distribution in chondrocytes.

Main Results:

Kif3a-deficient mutant condyles were narrow, flat, and fused with the articular disc.
Reduced chondroprogenitor cells and precocious chondrocyte hypertrophy were observed in mutants.
Excessive intramembranous ossification and altered hedgehog signaling (Ihh, Patched-1) were noted.

Conclusions:

Kif3a and primary cilia are crucial for coordinating chondrocyte maturation, bone formation, and TMJ growth.
Defects in Kif3a-deficient TMJs suggest impaired hedgehog signaling pathways.
This study highlights the importance of primary cilia in craniofacial skeletal development.