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Bone Disorders

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...

Bone Remodeling

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

Hormones and Bone Tissue

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks

Cantilever Bending of Murine Femoral Necks

Published on: January 5, 2022

Hormone-sensitive lipase-knockout mice maintain high bone density during aging.

Wen-Jun Shen¹, Li-Fen Liu, Shailja Patel

¹Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5103, USA.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

|May 14, 2011

Summary

Gene deletion of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) prevents bone marrow fat accumulation and maintains bone density in aging mice. This suggests HSL plays a key role in age-related bone loss.

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Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Skeletal Phenotype Analysis of a Conditional Stat3 Deletion Mouse Model

Published on: July 3, 2020

Area of Science:

Bone Biology
Metabolic Regulation
Aging Research

Background:

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is involved in lipid metabolism.
Bone marrow microenvironment changes with aging, including adipocyte accumulation.
The role of HSL in bone aging is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of HSL on the bone marrow microenvironment.
To determine if HSL gene deletion preserves bone mass in aging mice.

Main Methods:

Comparison of wild-type (WT) and HSL knockout (HSL(-/-)) mice.
Analysis of serum biochemistry, bone density (micro-CT), and histomorphometry.
Characterization of bone marrow cells and preosteoblasts.

Main Results:

HSL(-/-) mice exhibited altered serum insulin, osteocalcin, and leptin levels.
Bone marrow of HSL(-/-) mice had significantly fewer and smaller adipocytes compared to WT.
HSL(-/-) mice maintained higher bone density with age and showed enhanced osteoblast growth and differentiation.

Conclusions:

Absence of HSL shifts bone marrow cells towards osteoblast differentiation.
HSL deficiency preserves bone density and counters age-related bone loss.