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Related Concept Videos

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation01:29

Cholesterol: Significance and Regulation

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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System III: Serum Lipid Profile01:25

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Understanding serum lipids is crucial for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing heart disease and stroke.
Serum lipids are fats and fatty substances in the blood and are crucial for various bodily functions, including energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production. Serum lipids consist of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids.
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Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

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Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
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Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

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Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
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Fats as Energy Storage Molecules01:06

Fats as Energy Storage Molecules

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Triglycerides are a form of long-term energy storage molecules. They are made of glycerol and three fatty acids. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl-CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle. The glycerol that is released from triglycerides after lipolysis...
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Lipid Digestion

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Lipids are large molecules that are generally not water-soluble. Since most of the digestive enzymes in the human body are water-based, there are specific steps the body must take to break down lipids and make them available for use.
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Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Cell-free Biochemical Fluorometric Enzymatic Assay for High-throughput Measurement of Lipid Peroxidation in High Density Lipoprotein
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HDL meets triglyceride.

Tugce Akcan1, Fredric B Kraemer1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

Journal of Lipid Research
|April 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High triglyceride levels in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles are linked to increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. This study suggests evaluating HDL triglycerides (HDL-TG) can improve cardiovascular risk assessment.

Keywords:
HDLcardiovascular risktriglycerides

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide.
  • Traditional lipid profiles, including total cholesterol and LDL-C, have limitations in fully assessing ASCVD risk.
  • High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is known for its protective role, but its subclasses and modifications, like HDL triglycerides (HDL-TG), are increasingly recognized as important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between HDL triglycerides (HDL-TG) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
  • To explore the relationship between serum triglyceride levels, HDL particle characteristics, and HDL-TG.
  • To determine if HDL-TG is an independent predictor of ASCVD risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the UK Biobank, a large-scale prospective cohort study.
  • Employed observational analyses to examine associations between lipid parameters and ASCVD.
  • Applied Mendelian randomization analyses to infer causality and assess independent associations.

Main Results:

  • Elevated serum triglyceride levels correlated with smaller HDL particle diameter and increased HDL-TG.
  • HDL-TG levels demonstrated an independent association with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.
  • This association persisted after adjusting for multiple confounders and established cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • HDL triglycerides (HDL-TG) are significantly associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Current lipid assessments may not fully capture cardiovascular risk; incorporating HDL-TG could be beneficial.
  • These findings highlight the importance of evaluating a broader spectrum of lipid parameters for enhanced cardiovascular risk stratification.