Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?

The Looking Glass Self

The Looking Glass Self

The concept of the looking-glass self describes how an individual's self-concept is shaped by their perception of how others see them. This psychological theory, first introduced by sociologist Charles Horton Cooley in 1902, posits that self-identity emerges in a social context and is influenced by the judgments—real or imagined—of others.Research suggests that individuals frequently overestimate how positively others perceive them. This is particularly evident in physical self-perception,...

Introspection

Introspection

Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

Reflection of Waves

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...

Back EMF

Back EMF

Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, whereas motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. A motor works by sending a current through a loop of wire located in a magnetic field. As a result, the magnetic field exerts a torque on the loop. This rotates a shaft, extracting mechanical work from the electrical current sent in initially. When the coil of a motor is turned, magnetic flux changes through the coil, and an emf (consistent with Faraday's law) is induced.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Control of Cell Survival and Proliferation in the Oligodendrocyte Cell Lineage.

TheScientificWorldJournal·2018

Same author

Ben Barres (1954-2017).

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2018

Same author

Lee Rubin: Our mentor and role model.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2017

Same author

Open questions: what has genetics told us about autism spectrum disorders?

BMC biology·2014

Same author

Thoughts of a retired scientist: an interview with Martin Raff by Sarah Allan.

Disease models & mechanisms·2012

Same author

Video Q&A: what is autism? - A personal view.

BMC biology·2010

Same journal

Hidden Messages in Extracellular Vesicles: Cross-Kingdom RNA Communication in Plant and Microbe Interactions.

Annual review of cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

mRNA-Scaffolded Cytoplasmic Compartments.

Annual review of cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

Developmental Programming of Human Kidney Function.

Annual review of cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

The Translation of Genetic Information in Neurodevelopment.

Annual review of cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

The Origin and Early Evolution of Fungi: Challenges, Inferences, and Principles.

Annual review of cell and developmental biology·2026

Same journal

Interstitial Spaces: A Basolateral Source of Structure and Signals.

Annual review of cell and developmental biology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Looking back.

Martin Raff¹

¹Medical Research Council Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom. m.raff@ucl.ac.uk

Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

|May 17, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This perspective reviews a scientific career in immunology and cell biology, focusing on T and B cell development and myelinating glial cell mechanisms. Key findings include antibody-mediated cell surface dynamics and molecular control of glial cell behavior.

More Related Videos

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography

Published on: July 22, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography

A Standardized Approach to Extra-Oral and Intra-Oral Digital Photography

Published on: July 22, 2022

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Neuroscience

Background:

The author's scientific journey began with training in medicine and neurology.
Early research focused on immunology, specifically the development and function of mouse T and B cells using antibody techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a perspective on a scientific career spanning immunology, cell biology, and neuroscience.
To highlight key findings in the study of cell surface dynamics and glial cell development.

Main Methods:

Utilized antibodies against cell-surface antigens to investigate T and B cell development and function.
Employed antibody-based approaches to study molecular mechanisms controlling rodent myelinating glial cells (Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes).

Main Results:

Discovered that antibody binding induces rapid redistribution and endocytosis of immunoglobulin on B cells, transitioning the researcher to cell biology.
Investigated intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms governing the development and behavior of myelinating glial cells.

Conclusions:

The career highlights a significant shift from immunology to cell biology driven by key experimental findings.
The research contributed to understanding the molecular control of glial cell development and function in the nervous system.