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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
04:23

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Thyroid ultrasonography. Part 2: nodules.

Tara L Henrichsen1, Carl C Reading

  • 1Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street, SW Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Henrichsen.tara@may.edu

Radiologic Clinics of North America
|May 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers ultrasound patterns for thyroid nodules, distinguishing benign from malignant types. Identifying these ultrasonographic patterns aids decisions on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy.

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Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
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A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
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Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Thyroid nodules are common, requiring accurate diagnosis.
  • Distinguishing benign from malignant nodules is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review common ultrasonographic patterns of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
  • To assess the utility of ultrasonographic categorization in guiding fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy decisions.
  • To review current FNA biopsy guidelines from major organizations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on thyroid ultrasonography.
  • Analysis of characteristic ultrasonographic features of thyroid nodules.
  • Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of different patterns.
  • Review of established FNA biopsy guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Specific ultrasonographic patterns are associated with benign or malignant thyroid nodules.
  • Ultrasonographic categorization can inform the need for FNA biopsy, potentially reducing unnecessary procedures.
  • Guidelines provide standardized recommendations for FNA biopsy based on nodule characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasonography is a key tool in evaluating thyroid nodules.
  • Standardized interpretation of ultrasonographic patterns improves diagnostic accuracy.
  • Adherence to FNA biopsy guidelines ensures appropriate patient selection for invasive procedures.