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Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Examining working memory task acquisition in a disrupted neural network.

Frank G Hillary1, John D Medaglia, Kathleen Gates

  • 1Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, 223 Bruce V. Moore Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. fhillary@psu.edu

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|May 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects brain connectivity during working memory tasks. Unlike controls, TBI patients show more right-hemisphere connectivity, highlighting altered neural network communication after injury.

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Last Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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A Metric Test for Assessing Spatial Working Memory in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury
05:53

A Metric Test for Assessing Spatial Working Memory in Adult Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: May 7, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Previous research on traumatic brain injury (TBI) focused on brain activation, overlooking network communication.
  • Understanding functional brain changes after moderate and severe TBI requires examining neural network alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate effective connectivity differences in working memory tasks between TBI patients and controls.
  • To utilize advanced connectivity modeling to analyze neural network communication in TBI.

Main Methods:

  • Employed extended-unified structural equation modeling for effective connectivity analysis.
  • Assessed performance on the n-back working memory task in individuals with moderate to severe TBI and healthy controls.
  • Utilized topographical activation findings as a basis for second-level connectivity modeling.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in within-hemisphere connectivity were observed during task acquisition.
  • Control participants showed increased left-hemisphere connectivity, while TBI patients exhibited sustained right-hemisphere connectivity.
  • Task performance revealed maturational effects, including reduced right prefrontal cortex engagement and an anterior to posterior shift in connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Effective connectivity analysis reveals distinct patterns of neural communication in TBI patients during working memory tasks.
  • Findings suggest altered neural plasticity and network organization following moderate to severe TBI.
  • This approach offers a new perspective for studying brain disorders and functional recovery.