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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Bones01:18

Classification of Bones

The bones of the human skeletal system are of varied shapes, sizes, and functions. They can be classified based on their shape and function into four major classes: long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones. Some classifications include a fifth type, the sesamoid bones, as a separate class, whereas others categorize them under short bones.
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The long...
Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending01:18

Deformations in a Symmetric Member in Bending

When analyzing the deformation of a symmetric prismatic member subjected to bending by equal and opposite couples, it becomes clear that as the member bends, the originally straight lines on its wider faces curve into circular arcs, with a constant radius centered at a point known as Point C. This phenomenon helps to understand the stress and strain distribution within the member more clearly.
When the member is segmented into tiny cubic elements, it is observed that the primary stress...
Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...

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Updated: Jun 2, 2026

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
10:42

A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible

Published on: January 28, 2020

Chest-deformities: a proposal for a classification.

Günter H Willital1, A K Saxena, U Schütze

  • 1Pediatric Surgical Research Institute Münster, Am Getterbach 49e, D-48163 Münster, Germany. g.willital@web.de

World Journal of Pediatrics : WJP
|May 17, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Classifying chest deformities by morphology improves treatment outcomes and surgical planning. This classification aids in predicting and preventing associated complications, leading to better patient results.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Orthopedics
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Chest deformities in children and youth are a significant clinical concern.
  • Morphological classification is crucial for effective treatment and outcome assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the significance of classifying chest deformities based on morphological findings.
  • To evaluate the impact of classification on type-related treatment and surgical results.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PubMed and Medline publications.
  • Analysis of clinical and intraoperative findings.
  • Utilized thorax measurements, MR/CT, videorasterstereography, and ultrasound for detailed morphological assessment, identifying 11 distinct chest wall deformity types.

Main Results:

  • Morphological classification allows for meticulous determination of sternum, sterno-costal, and costal arch morphology.
  • Classified deformities show improved postoperative outcomes compared to non-classified ones, with fewer asymmetries and recurrences.
  • Classification aids in predicting secondary alterations like kypho-scoliosis and mediastinal organ changes.

Conclusions:

  • Specific chest deformity typing enables tailored conservative (physiotherapy, vacuum treatment) and surgical interventions.
  • Type-related surgical correction can prevent complications such as mitral valve prolapse, infections, and psychological distress.
  • Classification provides essential guidance for surgical procedures and accurate comparison of postoperative results.