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Related Concept Videos

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:38

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Overview
Receptor-mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis01:20

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is when bulk amounts of specific molecules are imported into a cell after binding to cell surface receptors. The molecules bound to these receptors are taken into the cell through inward folding of the cell surface membrane, which is eventually pinched off into a vesicle within the cell. Structural proteins, such as clathrin, coat the budding vesicle.
Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis of LDL
One well-characterized example of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the...
Endocytosis01:16

Endocytosis

Eukaryotic cells acquire nutrients for growth and proliferation. Nutrients and other molecules that require degradation are internalized from the extracellular space by a process called endocytosis. The term ‘endocytosis' was first coined by Christian de Duve in 1963.
Endocytosis always begins with the plasma membrane enclosing an incoming molecule to form a transport vesicle which, in some cases, can be coated with a protein called ‘clathrin.' Endocytosed material is either sorted through...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...

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Related Experiment Video

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Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis
10:23

Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: April 17, 2017

Lipid-mediated endocytosis.

Helge Ewers1, Ari Helenius

  • 1Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viruses and toxins use specific cell membrane lipids as receptors for entry. This process involves lipid clustering, membrane changes, and unique endocytic mechanisms for cellular invasion.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Virology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a key cellular process for internalizing molecules.
  • Viruses and bacterial toxins utilize specific cell surface receptors to initiate infection or intoxication.
  • Lipids within the plasma membrane can function as critical receptors for certain pathogens and toxins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which viruses and toxins utilize lipid receptors for cellular entry.
  • To investigate the role of glycosphingolipids in pathogen and toxin binding and subsequent cellular uptake.
  • To understand the unique endocytic pathways triggered by lipid-mediated internalization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral and toxin interactions with specific plasma membrane lipids.
  • Investigating lipid clustering and membrane property changes upon receptor binding.
  • Studying endocytic mechanisms including lipid rafts, membrane curvature, and signaling pathways.
  • Tracking intracellular trafficking from endosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol.

Main Results:

  • Viruses and toxins, including Shiga toxin, Cholera toxin, mouse polyoma virus, and simian virus 40, bind to glycosphingolipids.
  • This binding induces lipid clustering and alters plasma membrane properties.
  • Internalization involves specialized endocytic pathways utilizing lipid rafts and membrane curvature.
  • Pathways lead to early endosomes, ER, and eventual cytosolic penetration.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid receptors play a central role in the entry of various viruses and toxins into host cells.
  • The interaction with lipid receptors triggers distinct cellular mechanisms for internalization and intracellular trafficking.
  • Understanding these lipid-mediated pathways is crucial for developing antiviral and antitoxin strategies.