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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for the...

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Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures
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Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures

Published on: August 10, 2017

Di-μ-nitrito-κO:O,O';κO,O':O-bis-{[2,6-bis-(pyrazol-1-yl-κN)pyridine-κN](nitrito-κO,O')cadmium(II)}.

Ting Ting Sun1, Lin Meng, Jing Min Shi

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study details a novel centrosymmetric binuclear cadmium complex, [Cd(2)(NO(2))(4)(C(11)H(9)N(5))(2)], highlighting its distorted dodecahedral coordination and significant π-π stacking interactions.

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Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method
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Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

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Facet-to-facet Linking of Shape-anisotropic Colloidal Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanostructures
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Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method
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Measuring Nitrite and Nitrate, Metabolites in the Nitric Oxide Pathway, in Biological Materials using the Chemiluminescence Method

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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
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The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Binuclear metal complexes offer unique structural and electronic properties.
  • Understanding metal-ligand interactions is crucial for designing new materials.
  • Pyrazole-based ligands are versatile building blocks in coordination chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel centrosymmetric binuclear cadmium complex.
  • To investigate the coordination environment and structural features of the complex.
  • To explore the intermolecular interactions, specifically π-π stacking, within the crystal structure.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular structure.
  • The coordination environment around the cadmium ions was analyzed.
  • Intermolecular π-π stacking interactions were identified and quantified.

Main Results:

  • A centrosymmetric binuclear cadmium complex, [Cd(2)(NO(2))(4)(C(11)H(9)N(5))(2)], was successfully synthesized.
  • Each cadmium(II) ion exhibits a distorted dodecahedral CdN(3)O(5) coordination geometry.
  • The cadmium ions are bridged by nitrite ligands, with a Cd-Cd separation of 3.9920(6) Å.
  • Two distinct types of π-π stacking interactions between pyrazole rings were observed with centroid-centroid distances of 3.445(2) Å and 3.431(2) Å.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized complex represents a new example of a centrosymmetric binuclear cadmium coordination compound.
  • The structural analysis reveals intricate coordination and bridging modes.
  • The presence of significant π-π stacking interactions suggests potential for self-assembly and crystal engineering applications.