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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview01:07

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
05:07

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

5-Chloro-pyrimidin-2-amine.

Bin Wang, Ran-Zhe Lu, Lu-Na Han

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    The crystal structure of C4H3ClN3 reveals a molecule formed by mirror symmetry, with key atoms on the reflecting plane. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds create linked chains in the crystal lattice.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Chemical Physics

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular arrangements in the solid state is crucial for predicting material properties.
    • Crystal symmetry influences macroscopic physical and chemical behaviors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C4H3ClN3.
    • To identify the symmetry elements and intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of atomic positions and bond distances/angles to confirm molecular geometry and symmetry.

    Main Results:

    • The complete molecule of C4H3ClN3 is generated by crystallographic mirror symmetry.

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  • The chlorine atom, one nitrogen atom, and two carbon atoms are situated on the reflecting plane.
  • Intermolecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds were observed, linking molecules into chains along the [100] direction.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure is characterized by molecular symmetry and directional hydrogen bonding.
    • The observed chain formation via hydrogen bonds dictates the extended solid-state architecture.