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Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

4,4'-Bipyridine-pyroglutamic acid (1/2).

Hadi D Arman, Trupta Kaulgud, Edward R T Tiekink

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a 4,4'-bipyridine and pyroglutamic acid co-crystal. It reveals one-dimensional supramolecular chains formed through hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Supramolecular Chemistry
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • 4,4 -bipyridine is a versatile ligand in coordination chemistry.
    • Pyroglutamic acid is a cyclic amino acid derivative with potential biological relevance.
    • Co-crystal formation is a strategy to modify the physical properties of organic molecules.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the 4,4 -bipyridine and pyroglutamic acid co-crystal.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.
    • To understand the formation of supramolecular architectures in this co-crystal system.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Hydrogen bonding interactions were identified and analyzed.

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  • π-π stacking interactions were quantified.

    • Main Results:

    • The co-crystal structure, C(10)H(8)N(2)·2C(5)H(7)NO(3), was successfully determined.
    • 4,4 -bipyridine acts as a hydrogen bond acceptor for pyroglutamic acid.
    • One-dimensional supramolecular chains are formed via hydrogen bonding and further stabilized by π-π stacking interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The study reveals a novel co-crystal structure of 4,4 -bipyridine and pyroglutamic acid.
    • The crystal packing is dictated by a combination of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions.
    • The formation of one-dimensional supramolecular chains highlights the potential for designing ordered molecular assemblies.