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Related Concept Videos

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acids

IUPAC names of carboxylic acids are systematically derived following a few rules discussed below.
For acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids, the longest hydrocarbon chain containing the –COOH carbon is identified as the parent chain. Then, the last -e of the parent hydrocarbon name is replaced with a suffix -oic acid.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...

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4-(1-Naphth-yl)benzoic acid.

Carlos F R A C Lima, Ligia R Gomes, Luís M N B F Santos

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a C(17)H(12)O(2) molecule, revealing a significant dihedral angle and hydrogen-bonded dimers. The hydroxyl hydrogen atom exhibits disorder within the crystal lattice.

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
    • Crystal structure analysis provides precise details about molecular geometry, intermolecular interactions, and packing in the solid state.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title molecule, C(17)H(12)O(2).
    • To determine the dihedral angle between the benzene and naphthalene ring systems.
    • To investigate intermolecular interactions and hydrogen bonding in the crystal.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to collect diffraction data.
    • The crystal structure was solved and refined using standard crystallographic software.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular contacts was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the naphthalene ring system was determined to be 49.09(6)°.
    • Molecules form centrosymmetric dimers through intermolecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
    • The hydroxyl hydrogen atom is disordered over two positions with occupancies of 0.62(3) and 0.38(3).

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C(17)H(12)O(2) is characterized by a specific dihedral angle and dimer formation via hydrogen bonding.
    • The observed hydrogen atom disorder provides insights into the molecular dynamics in the crystal.
    • This structural information is valuable for understanding the solid-state behavior of this organic compound.