Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Protection of Alcohols02:31

Protection of Alcohols

This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates platelet activation under shear stress via multi-target suppression of PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways: an in vitro microfluidic study.

Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis·2026
Same author

Yeast culture derived from Jiang-flavor Baijiu distiller's grains enhances immune function and gut health in geese.

Frontiers in veterinary science·2026
Same author

Unraveling the fruity aroma in soy sauce aroma Baijiu by pinpointing key aroma compounds and evaluating their sensory impact.

Food chemistry·2026
Same author

Discovery of Catechol-Benzothiazole Conjugates as Antibacterial Synergists against <i><i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i></i> by Inhibiting Biofilm Formation.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Shengmai Yin Alleviates Particulate Matter-Aggravated Ischemic Damage by Inhibiting S100a9 Expression.

Environmental toxicology·2026
Same author

A Pd-Catalyzed (6+2) Cycloaddition/Ring-Contraction Relay for Chemodivergent Access to Chiral Spirooxindoles.

Organic letters·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
08:12

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

Published on: August 16, 2018

2-(4-Pyridylmeth-oxy)phenol.

Zhi Zhang1, Yu-Jie Li, Xue-Mei Gao

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The crystal structure of C(12)H(11)NO(2) reveals molecules linked by hydrogen bonds and pi-pi interactions. These interactions form dimers, influencing the compound's molecular arrangement and properties.

More Related Videos

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
08:12

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species

Published on: August 16, 2018

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions
07:12

Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions

Published on: July 17, 2020

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
06:46

Facile Preparation of (2Z,4E)-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate

Published on: June 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for predicting material properties.
  • Crystal structure analysis provides fundamental insights into intermolecular forces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(12)H(11)NO(2).
  • To identify and characterize the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions was performed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure features inversion-related molecules linked into dimers via O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
  • A π-π interaction with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.78 Å was observed between pyridyl rings.
  • The dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings is 71.6°.

Conclusions:

  • The identified hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions are key factors in the self-assembly of C(12)H(11)NO(2) into dimers.
  • The specific arrangement highlights the interplay of different non-covalent forces in crystal engineering.