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Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Adrenergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Adrenergic agonists' structure-activity relationship (SAR) determines their selectivity and efficacy. These agonists comprise a phenylethylamine moiety with an aromatic ring and an ethylamine side chain.
Aromatic ring substitutions: Substituting the aromatic ring with –OH groups at positions 3 and 4 yields catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine), which have a high affinity for adrenoceptors. Hydrogen bonding between –OH groups and receptors enhances adrenergic activity.
Separation of the aromatic...

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.

Physical Properties of Amines

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

Structure of Amines

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

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Biphenyl-3,3',4,4'-tetra-amine.

Hui-Fen Qian, Wei Huang

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a compound, revealing a symmetrical arrangement. Molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds, forming an intricate three-dimensional network.

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Materials Science
Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for designing novel materials.
Crystal engineering relies on predicting and controlling intermolecular forces.
Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the self-assembly of molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound C(12)H(14)N(4).
To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing the compound's solid-state architecture.
To characterize the hydrogen bonding network within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of the crystal structure revealed the presence of a center of symmetry.

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Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

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Intermolecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

The title compound, C(12)H(14)N(4), exhibits a crystallographically imposed center of symmetry.
Adjacent molecules are linked via intermolecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving amino groups.
These interactions lead to the formation of a robust three-dimensional network structure.
Ten-membered hydrogen-bonded rings were observed within the network.

Conclusions:

The crystal structure of C(12)H(14)N(4) is characterized by symmetry and extensive hydrogen bonding.
The observed three-dimensional network highlights the importance of N-H⋯N interactions in molecular assembly.
This structural information provides insights into the supramolecular chemistry of this compound.