Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Synthesis and Bioconjugation of Thiol-Reactive Reagents for the Creation of Site-Selectively Modified Immunoconjugates
Published on: March 6, 2019
2-(Carboxy-methyl-sulfan-yl)pyridine-3-carboxylic acid monohydrate
Xiao-Juan Wang1, Yun-Long Feng
1Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
The title compound, C(8)H(7)NO(4)S·H(2)O, was obtained by reaction of 2-mercaptopyridine-3-carboxylic acid with chloro-acetic acid. In the mol-ecular structure, the dihedral angle between the two least-squares planes defined by the pyridine ring and the carb-oxy group is 8.32 (9)°. The carboxy-methyl-sulfanyl group makes a torsion angle of 82.64 (12)° with the pyridine ring. An intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond between the acidic function of the carboxy-methyl-sulfanyl group and the pyridine N atom stabilizes the conformation, whereas inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding with the uncoordinated water mol-ecules is responsible for packing of the structure, leading to chains propagating in [001].
Related Concept Videos
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Acid Halides to Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis
As shown below, the mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by water at the carbonyl carbon to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen π bond along with the departure of a halide ion. A final proton transfer step yields carboxylic...
Preparation of Acid Anhydrides
The carboxylate ion acts as a nucleophile that attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the re-formation of the carbonyl group with the loss of the chloride ion as a leaving group leads to the formation of an acid...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

