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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview01:07

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.

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Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
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Published on: February 15, 2016

N,N'-Bis(4-fluoro-phen-yl)urea.

Wan-Sin Loh, Hoong-Kun Fun, S Sarveswari

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a fluorinated urea compound. The research reveals how molecules arrange and bond in the solid state, forming specific chain structures through hydrogen bonds.

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • N,N'-bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)urea is a compound with potential applications in materials science.
    • Understanding the solid-state structure of organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and designing new materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of N,N'-bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)urea.
    • To analyze the molecular arrangement and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided insights into molecular geometry.
    • Identification and analysis of intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, were performed.

    Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains one and a half N,N'-bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)urea molecules, with one molecule exhibiting crystallographic twofold rotation symmetry.
    • Significant twisting of benzene rings was observed, with dihedral angles of 29.69(6)° and 89.83(6)° for general and symmetry-generated molecules, respectively.
    • Intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified, linking symmetry-related molecules into chains along the b axis, forming R(2)(1)(6) ring motifs.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of N,N'-bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)urea has been successfully determined.
    • The observed molecular conformations and hydrogen bonding patterns dictate the formation of extended chain structures in the solid state.
    • This structural information is valuable for understanding the physical properties and potential applications of this fluorinated urea derivative.