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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

2-(4-Bromo-phen-yl)quinoxaline.

Zhi-Jian Wang, Wei-Min Jia, Hong-Guo Yao

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The study investigated the structural properties of a novel brominated quinoxaline derivative. The research found that the benzene and quinoxaline rings in the compound are nearly coplanar, indicating a specific molecular conformation.

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    Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
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    Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
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    Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

    Published on: February 15, 2016

    Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid
    05:59

    Green Synthesis of Quinoline-Based Ionic Liquid

    Published on: September 27, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography and Molecular Structure
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Quinoxaline derivatives are important heterocyclic compounds with diverse applications.
    • Understanding the precise three-dimensional structure of organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties and reactivity.
    • Planarity in aromatic systems can influence electronic and photophysical characteristics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of a specific brominated quinoxaline compound.
    • To determine the degree of planarity between the fused aromatic rings within the molecule.
    • To provide foundational structural data for potential applications of this class of compounds.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular structure.
    • Analysis of the crystal structure included calculating root-mean-square deviations and dihedral angles.
    • The atomic coordinates were refined to achieve a high-quality structural model.

    Main Results:

    • The title compound, C(14)H(9)BrN(2), was successfully synthesized and characterized.
    • Structural analysis revealed that the benzene and quinoxaline rings are almost coplanar.
    • A low root-mean-square deviation (0.0285 Å) and a small dihedral angle (2.1°) confirmed the near-planar arrangement.

    Conclusions:

    • The near-coplanar structure of the brominated quinoxaline derivative suggests potential for extended pi-conjugation.
    • This specific molecular geometry may influence intermolecular interactions and solid-state packing.
    • The findings contribute to the structure-property relationship understanding in quinoxaline chemistry.