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Related Concept Videos

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis01:22

Preparation of 1° Amines: Azide Synthesis

Direct alkylation of ammonia produces polyalkylated amines, along with a quaternary ammonium salt. To exclusively prepare primary amines, the azide synthesis method can be used.
Azide ions act as good nucleophiles and react with unhindered alkyl halides to form alkyl azides. Alkyl azides do not participate in further nucleophilic substitution reactions, thereby eliminating the chances of polyalkylated products. Alkyl azides are reduced by hydride-based reducing agents, like lithium aluminum...
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview01:07

Preparation of 1° Amines: Hofmann and Curtius Rearrangement Overview

In the presence of an aqueous base and a halogen, primary amides can lose the carbonyl (as carbon dioxide) and undergo rearrangement to form primary amines. This reaction, called the Hofmann rearrangement, can produce primary amines (aryl and alkyl) in high yields without contamination by secondary and tertiary amines.

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Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
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Published on: August 22, 2018

3-Chloro-azepan-2-one.

De-Cai Wang1, Dong-Mei Fan, Hua-Quan Liu

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemcial Engineering, College of Life Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Xinmofan Road No. 5 Nanjing, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study identifies intramolecular C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds in a key intermediate compound used for lysine production. This finding offers insights into the molecular structure of this important chemical.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Lysine is an essential amino acid crucial for human health and nutrition.
  • Chemical intermediates are vital for efficient synthesis of valuable compounds like lysine.
  • Understanding molecular interactions can optimize production processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the crystal structure of a specific intermediate in lysine production.
  • To investigate the presence and nature of intramolecular hydrogen bonds within this intermediate.
  • To provide structural insights relevant to the synthesis of lysine.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular structure.
  • Crystallographic data analysis was used to identify and confirm hydrogen bonding interactions.
  • The chemical compound C(6)H(10)ClNO was synthesized and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of the title compound, C(6)H(10)ClNO, was successfully elucidated.
  • Intramolecular C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds were identified within the molecule.
  • The presence of these specific hydrogen bonds influences the compound's conformation.

Conclusions:

  • The identified intramolecular C-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds play a role in the structural stability of the lysine intermediate.
  • This structural information can potentially guide the development of improved lysine production methods.
  • Further research may explore the impact of these bonds on reaction mechanisms.