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Related Concept Videos

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics01:19

Depolarizing Blockers: Pharmocokinetics

Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides02:17

Structure and Nomenclature of Thiols and Sulfides

Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry, similar...
SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry02:23

SN2 Reaction: Stereochemistry

In an SN2 reaction, the nucleophilic attack on the substrate and departure of the leaving group occurs simultaneously through a transition state. As the nucleophile approaches the substrate from the back-side, the configuration of the substrate carbon changes from tetrahedral to trigonal bipyramidal and then back to tetrahedral, leading to an inversion in the configuration of the product.
If the substrate is an achiral molecule at the α-carbon, the inversion of configuration is not observed.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
Naming Enantiomers02:21

Naming Enantiomers

The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system essentially comprises three steps:...

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Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of two (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>'-(<i>para</i>-substituted benzyl-idene) 4-chloro-benzene-sulfono-hydrazides.

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Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>'-benzyl-idene-4-chloro-benzene-sulfono-hydrazide and of its (<i>E</i>)-4-chloro-<i>N</i>'-(<i>ortho</i>- and <i>para</i>-methyl-benzyl-idene)benzene-sulfono-hydrazide derivatives.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB)
08:33

Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB)

Published on: June 28, 2011

N-(2-Chloro-phen-yl)succinimide.

B S Saraswathi, B Thimme Gowda, Sabine Foro

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a novel chlorinated organic compound, C(10)H(8)ClNO(2). Molecular analysis reveals a significant dihedral angle between its benzene ring and imide group, influencing crystal packing through weak interactions.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Supramolecular Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in organic molecules is crucial for predicting their properties.
    • Intermolecular forces, such as C-H···π interactions, play a significant role in crystal lattice formation and stability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(10)H(8)ClNO(2).
    • To quantify the dihedral angle between the aromatic benzene ring and the imide segment.
    • To identify and describe the intermolecular interactions governing the crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Crystallographic data analysis was performed to measure bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles.

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    Microwave-assisted One-pot Synthesis of N-succinimidyl-4-[18F]fluorobenzoate ([18F]SFB)
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  • Intermolecular interactions were analyzed using geometric criteria and visualization software.

    • Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(10)H(8)ClNO(2) was successfully determined.
    • A dihedral angle of 69.5(1)° was measured between the benzene ring and the imide moiety.
    • Weak C-H···π interactions were identified as the primary forces linking molecules in the crystal along the [001] direction.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure provides a detailed three-dimensional model of the compound.
    • The observed dihedral angle suggests a specific conformation adopted in the solid state.
    • The identified C-H···π interactions are key to understanding the supramolecular assembly and packing efficiency in this chlorinated organic compound.