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Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...

Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Alkylation of β-Diester Enolates: Malonic Ester Synthesis

Malonic ester synthesis is a method to obtain α substituted carboxylic acids from ꞵ-diesters such as diethyl malonate and alkyl halides.

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:

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A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

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Published on: May 27, 2014

3-(2-Acetyl-anilino)propanoic acid.

Christopher R Sparrow, Edwin H Walker, Frank R Fronczek

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This study details the molecular structure of C(11)H(13)NO(3), revealing a nearly planar conformation due to its extended propanoic acid group. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding and crystal dimer formation were also observed.

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Molecular Chemistry

Background:

Understanding the three-dimensional structure of organic molecules is crucial for predicting their chemical properties and interactions.
The specific compound C(11)H(13)NO(3) has potential applications that warrant detailed structural investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure and conformation of the title molecule, C(11)H(13)NO(3).
To identify and characterize intramolecular and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and deviations from planarity was performed.

Main Results:

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The molecule C(11)H(13)NO(3) adopts a nearly planar conformation, with the propanoic acid group in an extended orientation.

A mean deviation of 0.036 Å from planarity was observed for the molecule.

The NH group participates in an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the acetyl group.

In the crystal, the carboxylic acid (COOH) groups form centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers.

Conclusions:

The determined crystal structure provides a detailed understanding of the molecular geometry and intermolecular forces of C(11)H(13)NO(3).
The observed planarity and hydrogen bonding patterns are key features influencing the molecule's physical and chemical behavior.