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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.

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Updated: Jun 9, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

N-(3,5-Di-chloro-4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)acetamide.

Rao M Uppu1, Sindhu V Bai1, Patrick F Mensah2

  • 1Department of Environmental Toxicology Southern University and A&M College,Baton Rouge Louisiana 70813 USA.

Iucrdata
|June 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study details the crystal structure of a dichlorophenyl acetamide compound. Six molecules in the asymmetric unit show similar conformations, linked by hydrogen bonds into chains.

Keywords:
cellular oxidantschlorinated methacetincrystal structurehypo­chlorous acid-hypochloritemitotoxicityprotonophores

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Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

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One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
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One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Published on: January 15, 2018

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Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
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Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

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One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
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One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Published on: January 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Solid-state chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions is crucial in crystal engineering.
  • The specific compound C9H9Cl2NO2 presents an interesting case for structural analysis due to its functional groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of the title compound C9H9Cl2NO2.
  • To analyze the molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 K.
  • Structure determination using a two-component twin crystal.
  • Analysis of molecular geometry and hydrogen bonding networks.

Main Results:

  • The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with six molecules in the asymmetric unit.
  • All six independent molecules exhibit similar conformations, with defined dihedral angles between the dichlorophenyl and acetamide planes (ca. 10.0°) and the methoxy group and aromatic ring (88.5°).
  • The extended structure features molecules linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into infinite chains along [110], forming three distinct alternating molecular motifs (ABABAB, CDCDCD, EFEFEF).

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure reveals a consistent conformational preference for the title compound.
  • Intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are the primary drivers for chain formation in the solid state.
  • Weak C-H⋯O and C-H⋯Cl interactions further stabilize the crystal packing.