Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents
Published on: May 28, 2014
{Bis[2-(pyridin-2-yl)eth-yl]amine}-dibromidocopper(II)
Zachariah Bess1, Celisha Oscar1, Ummey Hafsa Bithi1
1Department of Chemistry Howard University, 525 College St NW Washington DC 20059 USA.
The crystal structure of a copper(II) complex reveals two independent molecules with distorted geometries. These molecules form dimers through hydrogen bonding interactions in the solid state.
Area of Science:
- Inorganic Chemistry
- Crystallography
- Coordination Chemistry
Background:
- Understanding the coordination chemistry of copper(II) complexes is crucial for developing new materials.
- The study of crystal structures provides insights into molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions.
- Copper(II) complexes with nitrogen-containing ligands are of interest due to their diverse applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the crystal structure of the [CuBr2(C14H17N3)] complex.
- To analyze the coordination environment of the copper(II) atoms.
- To investigate the intermolecular interactions in the solid state.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to elucidate the crystal structure.
- The coordination geometry was analyzed using the continuous shape measure (CSM) parameter, τ.
- Intermolecular interactions were identified and characterized using graph set notation.
Main Results:
- The crystal structure of [CuBr2(C14H17N3)] contains two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit.
- The copper(II) atoms exhibit five-coordinate environments, existing on a spectrum between square-pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal geometries (τ = 0.442 and 0.574).
- The independent molecules form linked dimers through N-H⋯Br and C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, described by the graph set notation R24(8).
Conclusions:
- The study successfully determined the detailed crystal structure of the copper(II) complex.
- The coordination geometry of the copper(II) centers is distorted, lying between ideal square-pyramidal and trigonal-bipyramidal geometries.
- The formation of dimers via hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in the extended crystal structure.
Related Concept Videos
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions
Structural Isomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the carbon–oxygen double...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
Radical Substitution: Allylic Bromination
![[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F59739.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
