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Related Concept Videos

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...

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One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
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N,N-Dimethyl-anilinium 2,4,6-trinitro-phenolate.

Nagarajan Vembu, Frank R Fronczek

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study investigates the crystal structure of a novel compound, detailing intermolecular interactions like N-H···O, C-H···O, and π-π stacking. These interactions dictate the compound's supramolecular assembly and crystal packing.

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    Published on: January 21, 2020

    Area of Science:

    • Crystal Engineering
    • Supramolecular Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding intermolecular forces is crucial for designing materials with specific properties.
    • Crystal structure analysis reveals the fundamental interactions governing molecular assembly.
    • The title compound, C(8)H(12)N(+)·C(6)H(2)N(3)O(7) (-), presents an opportunity to study complex intermolecular interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound.
    • To identify and characterize the intermolecular interactions present in the crystal lattice.
    • To understand how these interactions contribute to the supramolecular architecture.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular structure and crystal packing.
    • Analysis of hydrogen bonds (N-H···O and C-H···O) and their resulting ring motifs (e.g., R(2)(15)).
    • Investigation of π-π stacking interactions (edge-to-face and offset face-to-face) using centroid-centroid distances.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure reveals the presence of N-H···O and C-H···O hydrogen bonds.
    • These interactions form specific ring motifs, including R(2)(15), R(2)(16), and R(1)(2)(6).
    • Edge-to-face and offset face-to-face π-π interactions were observed with centroid-centroid distances of 3.673 Å and 3.697 Å, respectively, contributing to supramolecular aggregation.

    Conclusions:

    • The supramolecular structure of the title compound is governed by a combination of hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions.
    • These interactions lead to a well-defined crystal packing and influence the material's properties.
    • The study provides insights into the principles of crystal engineering for designing novel molecular assemblies.