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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
Benzyl-tributyl-ammonium 6,7-dihydroxy-naphthalene-2-sulfonate
1Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, 240-8501 Yokohama, Japan.
This study details a molecular salt used as a charge-control agent in electrophotography toners. Crystal structure analysis reveals hydrogen bonding and a two-dimensional network formation.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Materials Science
- Organic Chemistry
Background:
- Molecular salts are crucial as charge-control agents in electrophotography toners.
- Understanding the crystal structure of these agents is key to optimizing their performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of a specific molecular salt, C(19)H(34)N(+)·C(10)H(7)O(5)S(-).
- To analyze the intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonding, within the crystal lattice.
- To characterize the self-assembly behavior of the anions and cations.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- Analysis of hydrogen bonding patterns (O-H⋯O) and their role in network formation.
- Investigation of cation disorder within the crystal structure.
Main Results:
- The asymmetric unit contains two formula units of the molecular salt.
- Anions form inversion dimers linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
- A two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network is formed by the linkage of these dimers.
- One cation exhibits disorder in a tert-butyl chain.
Conclusions:
- The crystal structure reveals a well-defined network of hydrogen bonds contributing to the material's stability.
- The observed structural features provide insights into the function of this molecular salt as a charge-control agent.
- Further studies could explore structure-property relationships for improved toner formulations.
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