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Related Concept Videos

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction01:16

[4+2] Cycloaddition of Conjugated Dienes: Diels–Alder Reaction

The Diels–Alder reaction is an example of a thermal pericyclic reaction between a conjugated diene and an alkene or alkyne, commonly referred to as a dienophile. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six π electrons, four from the diene and two from the dienophile, forming an unsaturated six-membered ring. As a result, these reactions are classified as [4+2] cycloadditions.
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
Intramolecular Claisen Condensation of Dicarboxylic Esters: Dieckmann Cyclization01:13

Intramolecular Claisen Condensation of Dicarboxylic Esters: Dieckmann Cyclization

Dieckmann cyclization is an intramolecular Claisen condensation of diesters. The reaction occurs in the presence of a base and generates a cyclic β-ketoester as the final product. Commonly, 1, 6 and 1, 7-diesters are preferred substrates for the reaction since the generated five, and six-membered cyclic β-keto esters are particularly more stable.
Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives01:35

Loss of Carboxy Group as CO2: Decarboxylation of Malonic Acid Derivatives

Just like β-keto acids—which upon thermal decarboxylation form ketones—β-dicarboxylic acids undergo decarboxylation to generate monocarboxylic acids with the liberation of carbon dioxide.

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
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(4S,5S)-2-(2-Thien-yl)-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dicarboxamide.

Wei Xu, Zheng Yang, Xin-Hua Li

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the molecular structure of a key intermediate for anti-tumor platinum drugs. Its unique dioxolane ring conformation and hydrogen bonding patterns are crucial for its role in drug synthesis.

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    Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

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    Area of Science:

    • Medicinal Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry

    Background:

    • The synthesis of novel anti-tumor platinum drugs relies on specific chemical intermediates.
    • Understanding the structural properties of these intermediates is vital for optimizing drug efficacy and stability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure and molecular conformation of a significant intermediate used in anti-tumor platinum drug preparation.
    • To analyze the hydrogen bonding interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure of the compound C(9)H(10)N(2)O(4)S.
    • Conformational analysis of the dioxolane ring and identification of hydrogen bonding networks were performed.

    Main Results:

    • The dioxolane ring exhibits an envelope conformation, with a specific carbon atom at the flap position bonded to a thienyl ring.
    • Intra-molecular hydrogen bonds (N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O) form two five-membered rings, also adopting envelope conformations.
    • Inter-molecular hydrogen bonds create an extensive three-dimensional network structure in the crystal.

    Conclusions:

    • The determined crystal structure provides critical insights into the molecular architecture of this anti-tumor drug intermediate.
    • The observed hydrogen bonding patterns likely influence the compound's stability and reactivity in subsequent synthetic steps.
    • This structural information can guide the design and development of more effective platinum-based anti-cancer agents.