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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides01:16

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acid Halides, Esters, and Acid Anhydrides

Naming Acid Halides
The IUPAC and common names of acid halides are derived from the corresponding carboxylic acids, by changing “ic acid” to “yl halide.” For example, as shown below, the IUPAC name ethanoyl chloride is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetyl chloride, is obtained from acetic acid.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
Preparation of Acid Anhydrides01:07

Preparation of Acid Anhydrides

One of the methods for preparing symmetrical or unsymmetrical acid anhydrides involves the treatment of acid chlorides with the sodium salt of carboxylic acids. The reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic acyl substitution.
The carboxylate ion acts as a nucleophile that attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the re-formation of the carbonyl group with the loss of the chloride ion as a leaving group leads to the formation of an acid...
Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview01:15

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:

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Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

3-[(3,5-Dichloro-anilino)carbon-yl]propionic acid.

B Thimme Gowda, Sabine Foro, B S Saraswathi

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of C(10)H(9)Cl(2)NO(3), revealing unusual anti conformations and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. These interactions lead to the formation of infinite molecular chains in the crystal lattice.

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    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
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    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

    Published on: May 27, 2014

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    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
    14:18

    A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

    Published on: May 27, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular conformations and intermolecular interactions is crucial in crystal engineering.
    • The specific arrangement of functional groups dictates crystal packing and properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(10)H(9)Cl(2)NO(3).
    • To analyze the molecular conformation, including the orientation of amide and carbonyl groups.
    • To investigate the role of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure.
    • Conformational analysis was performed on the molecule's key functional groups.
    • Intermolecular interactions, specifically hydrogen bonds, were identified and characterized.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure reveals specific anti conformations for the amide and carbonyl oxygen atoms relative to adjacent methylene groups.
    • A rare anti orientation between the C=O and O-H bonds of the acid group was observed.
    • Molecules self-assemble into infinite chains via intermolecular N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed rare anti conformations are attributed to a combination of the overall anti molecular conformation and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
    • Intermolecular hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in organizing the molecules into extended chain structures within the crystal.