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Related Concept Videos

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
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Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
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Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.
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Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).

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Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
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Published on: October 30, 2018

2,5-Dimethyl-phenyl benzoate.

B Thimme Gowda, Miroslav Tokarčík, Jozef Kožíšek

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a C(15)H(14)O(2) compound. Molecular analysis reveals specific angles between its benzoate ring and ester group, with molecules forming chains via weak interactions.

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    Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

    Published on: July 30, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Organic Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Supramolecular Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular arrangement is key in materials science.
    • Crystal packing influences compound properties.
    • Intermolecular forces dictate solid-state structure.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(15)H(14)O(2).
    • To analyze the spatial arrangement of functional groups and aromatic rings.
    • To identify the intermolecular interactions responsible for crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Geometric analysis was performed to measure bond angles, dihedral angles, and intermolecular contacts.
    • Analysis of weak C-H⋯π interactions was conducted to understand packing motifs.

    Main Results:

    • The central ester group (-C(=O)-O-) is slightly inclined (3.7°) relative to the benzoate ring.
    • The two phenyl rings exhibit a near-perpendicular orientation with a dihedral angle of 87.4°.
    • Molecules are organized into infinite chains through weak C-H⋯π intermolecular interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides precise structural data for the C(15)H(14)O(2) compound.
    • The observed near-perpendicular arrangement of phenyl rings is a significant structural feature.
    • Weak C-H⋯π interactions play a crucial role in the formation of one-dimensional chains in the crystal lattice.