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Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

EDTA: Chemistry and Properties

Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

Oxymercuration–reduction of alkenes is one of the major reactions converting alkenes to alcohols. It involves the hydration of alkenes with mercuric acetate in a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and water, forming an organomercury adduct. This is followed by a demercuration step in which the adduct is reduced to an alcohol using sodium borohydride.

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF₆: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

Published on: May 21, 2019

Tetra-μ-acetato-κO:O'-bis[(N,N-di-methyl-pyrazin-2-amine-κN)copper(II)].

Lin Meng¹, Lin Yan Yang, Jing Min Shi

¹Department of Chemistry, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This study details a novel binuclear copper complex with acetate and N,N-dimethyl-pyrazine-2-amine ligands. The complex exhibits a unique structure with distorted square-pyramidal copper coordination environments.

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[(DPEPhos)(bcp)Cu]PF6: A General and Broadly Applicable Copper-Based Photoredox Catalyst

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Area of Science:

Inorganic Chemistry
Coordination Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Binuclear copper complexes are crucial in catalysis and materials science.
Understanding ligand coordination is key to designing novel metal-organic frameworks.
Acetate and pyrazine derivatives are common ligands in coordination chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a novel binuclear copper(II) complex.
To investigate the structural properties and coordination behavior of the complex.
To explore potential applications in catalysis or materials science.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction to determine the molecular structure.
Spectroscopic techniques (e.g., IR, UV-Vis) for characterization.
Elemental analysis to confirm composition.

Main Results:

The title compound, [Cu(2)(C(2)H(3)O(2))(4)(C(6)H(9)N(3))(2)], was successfully synthesized.
The crystal structure reveals a binuclear copper(II) core bridged by four acetate ligands.
Each copper ion is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from N,N-dimethyl-pyrazine-2-amine ligands, forming distorted square-pyramidal geometries.
The complex crystallizes with the binuclear unit situated on an inversion center.

Conclusions:

The study successfully elucidated the structure of a novel binuclear copper(II) complex.
The coordination environment around the copper ions is a distorted square pyramid.
The findings contribute to the understanding of copper coordination chemistry and ligand design.