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Related Concept Videos

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines01:25

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview00:58

¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview

The intensity of a signal, which can be represented by the area under the peak, depends on the number of protons contributing to that signal. The area under each peak is shown as a vertical line called an integral, with the integral value listed under it, as seen in the proton NMR spectrum of benzyl acetate. Each integral value is divided by the smallest integral value to obtain the ratio of the number of protons producing each signal. The ratio reveals the relative number of protons and not...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
In the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Published on: June 20, 2014

4-Hydroxy-benzoic acid-1H-imidazole (1/1).

Wei Wang, Bang-Wei Liu, Jing Liu

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a 1:1 adduct, highlighting specific intermolecular interactions like pi-pi stacking and various hydrogen bonds that stabilize its unique packing arrangement.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Supramolecular Chemistry

    Background:

    • Understanding intermolecular forces is crucial for predicting and controlling crystal structures.
    • Adducts formed between organic molecules offer diverse structural motifs and potential applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the crystal structure of a 1:1 adduct formed between C(7)H(6)O(3) and C(3)H(4)N(2).
    • To identify and analyze the non-covalent interactions governing the crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
    • Analysis of interatomic distances and angles was performed to identify hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of the 1:1 adduct, C(7)H(6)O(3)·C(3)H(4)N(2), was successfully elucidated.

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  • Key crystal packing features include pi-pi stacking interactions with centroid-centroid distances of 3.799(2) and 3.753(1) Å.
  • The structure is further stabilized by a network of N-H⋯(O,O), O-H⋯O, and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

    • Conclusions:

    • The crystal packing of this adduct is dictated by a combination of pi-pi stacking and extensive hydrogen bonding networks.
    • These non-covalent interactions play a significant role in the self-assembly and stabilization of the crystal lattice.