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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

11:01
Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
Published on: November 23, 2016
5-Dimethyl-amino-N,N-dimethyl-2-nitro-benzamide
Summary
This study details the crystal structure of a benzamide compound, C(11)H(15)N(3)O(3). Molecular analysis reveals a slight twist in a methyl group and stabilization through weak intermolecular interactions.
Area of Science:
- Crystallography
- Organic Chemistry
- Molecular Structure Analysis
Background:
- Benzamide derivatives are important in medicinal chemistry.
- Understanding molecular conformation is crucial for drug design.
- Crystal packing influences material properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(11)H(15)N(3)O(3).
- To analyze the molecular geometry and intermolecular interactions.
- To provide insights into the solid-state behavior of this benzamide derivative.
Main Methods:
- Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
- Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and torsion angles.
- Identification and characterization of intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π interactions.
Main Results:
- The crystal structure of C(11)H(15)N(3)O(3) was successfully determined.
- A specific methyl group on the benzamide unit exhibits a torsion angle of 4.04(13)°, indicating a slight twist.
- Crystal packing is stabilized by weak intermolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π interactions.
Conclusions:
- The study provides a detailed structural characterization of the title benzamide compound.
- The observed molecular conformation and intermolecular forces dictate the crystal packing.
- These findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in benzamide derivatives.
Related Concept Videos
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis
Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...
Physical Properties of Amines
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H
All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for the...

