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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

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The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.

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Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...

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Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

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Published on: July 30, 2017

3-[(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)sulfanyl-methyl]benzonitrile.

Jin Rui Lin¹, Jia He, Yang Qian

¹Ordered Matter Science Research Center, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|May 18, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a novel benzimidazole derivative. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds form chains, revealing insights into its molecular arrangement and potential applications.

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Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Benzimidazole derivatives are important in medicinal chemistry and materials science.
Understanding the crystal structure of novel compounds is crucial for predicting their properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(15)H(11)N(3)S.
To investigate the intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
Analysis of hydrogen bonding patterns and dihedral angles.

Main Results:

The crystal structure of C(15)H(11)N(3)S was determined.
A dihedral angle of 51.8(2)° was observed between the benzimidazole and benzene rings.
Intermolecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds were identified, forming C(4) chains along the [001] direction.

Conclusions:

The crystal packing is governed by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
The observed structural features provide a basis for understanding the compound's physical and chemical behavior.