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Related Concept Videos

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants
06:54

Elucidating the Metabolism of 2,4-Dibromophenol in Plants

Published on: February 10, 2023

2,4-Dichloro-phenyl benzoate.

B Thimme Gowda, Miroslav Tokarčík, Jozef Kožíšek

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 18, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study details the crystal structure of a dichloro-substituted compound, revealing molecular packing and orientation. Findings offer insights into aryl benzoate crystal structures and intermolecular interactions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Solid-state chemistry
    • Organic chemistry

    Background:

    • Aryl benzoates are a class of organic compounds with diverse applications.
    • Understanding their crystal structures is crucial for predicting material properties and designing new molecules.
    • Previous studies have characterized various substituted aryl benzoates.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(13)H(8)Cl(2)O(2).
    • To compare its structural features with related aryl benzoates.
    • To analyze molecular packing and intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Bond parameters, angles, and molecular arrangements were analyzed.
    • Comparison with crystallographic data of similar compounds was performed.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of C(13)H(8)Cl(2)O(2) was determined, showing resemblance to other aryl benzoates.
    • The central ester group (-C(=O)-O-) is slightly inclined (9.1°) relative to the benzoate ring.
    • A significant dihedral angle (47.8°) exists between the two aromatic rings.
    • No classical hydrogen bonds were observed; molecules form diagonal chains in the bc plane.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of the title compound is consistent with known aryl benzoate frameworks.
    • The observed molecular geometry and packing arrangement provide specific details for this dichloro-substituted derivative.
    • The findings contribute to the broader understanding of structure-property relationships in aryl benzoates.