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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Healthcare System01:11

Secondary Healthcare System

Secondary healthcare is offered by a specialist, generally in hospitals or clinics for patients referred by primary healthcare providers. It occurs when a person has an illness or injury that requires specific medical care. Secondary care is often referred to as acute care. Secondary care can range from uncomplicated care to repair a minor laceration or treat a strep throat infection to more complicated emergent care, such as treating a head injury sustained in an automobile accident. Whatever...
Secondary Distribution01:25

Secondary Distribution

Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
In residential areas, 120/240 V single-phase, three-wire service is commonly used for lighting, outlets, and large appliances. Urban areas with high-density loads...
Primary and Secondary Reinforcers01:23

Primary and Secondary Reinforcers

In psychology, reinforcement is a key concept in behavior modification. B.F. Skinner demonstrated this with his experiments involving rats in what is known as a Skinner box. The rats learned to press a lever to receive food, a primary reinforcer that fulfilled their innate need for nourishment.
Effective reinforcers for humans vary depending on the individual and the context. Primary reinforcers, such as food, water, sleep, shelter, and pleasure, have inherent value and satisfy basic biological...
Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Primary Distribution01:28

Primary Distribution

Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Split Retina as an Improved Flatmount Preparation for Studying Inner Nuclear Layer Neurons in Vertebrate Retina
07:53

Split Retina as an Improved Flatmount Preparation for Studying Inner Nuclear Layer Neurons in Vertebrate Retina

Published on: January 16, 2024

Staring secondaries, where is the primary?

P Shanmuga Sundaram1, S Padma, Jay Kumar Rai

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET CT, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Cochin, Kerala, India.

Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology : Official Journal of Indian Society of Medical & Paediatric Oncology
|May 18, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A young staff nurse presented with asymptomatic liver lesions. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed a primary uterine tumor with liver metastases, highlighting the importance of thorough screening.

Keywords:
Metastasesmetastatic rhabdomyosarcomapositron emission tomography-computed tomography imagingunknown primaryuterine tumor

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Split Retina as an Improved Flatmount Preparation for Studying Inner Nuclear Layer Neurons in Vertebrate Retina
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A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Pre-employment health screenings are crucial for early disease detection.
  • Asymptomatic presentations of advanced malignancies can pose diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A young, asymptomatic female staff nurse presented with incidental findings of multiple hypodense liver lesions during routine health screening.
  • Whole-body positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) identified a large, fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid mass in the right lobe of the liver with extensive lymph node involvement.

Findings:

  • The PET-CT scan revealed an unsuspected, focal, FDG-avid, hyperdense mural nodule within the uterus, identified as the primary tumor site.
  • Metastatic spread to the liver and regional lymph nodes was confirmed, originating from the uterine primary.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the utility of advanced imaging like PET-CT in identifying primary tumors and metastatic disease, even in asymptomatic individuals.
  • Early detection through comprehensive screening protocols can significantly impact patient management and outcomes for gynecologic and hepatic malignancies.