Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line
12:58

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Published on: May 10, 2017

Polymorphisms in CYP1A1 and ethnic-specific susceptibility to acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children

Ryan M Swinney1, Joke Beuten, Anderson B Collier

  • 1Department of Pediatrics and Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention : a Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
|May 19, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Genetic variations in CYP1A1 increase acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk, particularly in Hispanic children. This is due to both higher susceptibility and more frequent occurrence of these gene variants in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Epidemiology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer.
  • Hispanic children exhibit the highest incidence of ALL, with underlying causes including genetics and environmental factors remaining unclear.
  • Previous research indicates a link between CYP1A1 variants and ALL risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of CYP1A1 polymorphisms in ALL susceptibility across different ethnic groups.
  • To determine if specific CYP1A1 variants contribute to the higher incidence of ALL observed in Hispanic children.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study was conducted involving Caucasian, Hispanic, and African-American children.
  • Analysis focused on identifying associations between CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms and ALL risk.

Main Results:

  • Homozygosity for CYP1A1*2C and CYP1A1*2B variants was associated with an increased risk of ALL in the overall sample.
  • Stratified analysis revealed significantly increased ALL risk in Hispanic children with CYP1A1*2A, *2C, and *2B variants.
  • Variant CYP1A1 alleles were more prevalent in Hispanic controls compared to Caucasian and African-American controls.

Conclusions:

  • CYP1A1 polymorphisms may contribute to the elevated risk of ALL in Hispanic children.
  • The findings highlight the interplay between genetic susceptibility, ethnic background, and environmental toxin exposure in ALL development.
  • This study establishes a specific link between CYP1A1 variants, ethnicity, and ALL risk, potentially explaining disparities in environmental toxin susceptibility.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia08:31

Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Published on: October 17, 2025

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances07:35

Selecting Multiple Biomarker Subsets with Similarly Effective Binary Classification Performances

Published on: October 11, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes01:28

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450 isoenzymes,...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters01:16

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters

The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...