Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview01:32

Aldehydes and Ketones with HCN: Cyanohydrin Formation Overview

Cyanohydrins are compounds that contain –CN and –OH groups on the same carbon atom. They are formed by the nucleophilic addition of the cyanide ions to the carbonyl group. Cyanide ions are highly basic and nucleophilic and can be generated from HCN under aqueous conditions. However, since HCN is a weak acid, the number of cyanide ions generated is very small. Hence, a small amount of base or KCN/NaCN is added to HCN to increase the concentration of the cyanide ions in the reaction mixture.
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes02:41

Formation of Halohydrin from Alkenes

An alkene, such as propene, reacts with bromine in the presence of water to yield a halohydrin. Halohydrins contain a halogen and a hydroxyl group attached to adjacent carbons. When the halogen is bromine, it is called a bromohydrin, while a chlorohydrin has chlorine as the halogen.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

(E)-3-Methyl-N'-(4-nitro-benzyl-idene)benzohydrazide methanol monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
Same author

(E)-N'-(2-Hy-droxy-3,5-diiodo-benzyl-idene)-3-methyl-benzohydrazide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
Same author

N'-(4-Hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)-3-meth-oxy-benzohydrazide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
Same author

N'-(2-Chloro-benzyl-idene)-4-nitro-benzohydrazide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
Same author

N'-(2-Hy-droxy-4-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene)-3-nitro-benzohydrazide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012
Same author

N'-(5-Bromo-2-hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)-3-nitro-benzohydrazide methanol mono-solvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2012

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

N'-(4-Hy-droxy-benzyl-idene)-2-methyl-benzohydrazide.

Chun-Bao Tang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized a novel hydrazone compound, C(15)H(14)N(2)O(2), via condensation. Its crystal structure reveals a unique 3D framework stabilized by extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrazone compounds are versatile organic molecules with diverse applications.
  • Understanding the crystal packing and intermolecular interactions is crucial for predicting material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel hydrazone compound.
  • To investigate the crystal structure and hydrogen bonding network of the synthesized compound.

Main Methods:

  • Condensation reaction between 4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde and 2-methyl-benzohydrazide in methanol.
  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis to determine the molecular and crystal structure.

Main Results:

  • The synthesis yielded the target hydrazone compound with the molecular formula C(15)H(14)N(2)O(2).

More Related Videos

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Published on: June 20, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Published on: June 20, 2014

  • X-ray crystallography revealed a dihedral angle of 42.3(2)° between the two benzene rings.
  • The crystal structure is characterized by a 3D framework formed through intermolecular O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N, and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study successfully synthesized a new hydrazone derivative.
    • The detailed crystal structure analysis provides insights into the supramolecular assembly driven by hydrogen bonding.
    • The findings contribute to the understanding of structure-property relationships in hydrazone-based materials.