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Related Concept Videos

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview01:13

Five-Membered Heterocyclic Aromatic Compounds: Overview

Heterocyclic aromatic compounds are cyclic compounds that are aromatic and have one or more heteroatoms—atoms other than carbon, in the ring. Depending upon the number of atoms present in the ring, they can be either five or six-membered. Examples of five-membered heterocyclic aromatic compounds include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, and imidazole. Pyrrole consists of one nitrogen atom having one lone pair of electrons. Furan and thiophene have one oxygen and one sulfur heteroatom, respectively.
Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols02:32

Physical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

Alcohols are organic compounds in which a hydroxy group is attached to a saturated carbon. Phenols are a class of alcohols containing a hydroxy group attached to an aromatic ring. The physical properties of the alcohols and phenols are influenced by hydrogen bonding due to the oxygen–hydrogen dipole in the hydroxy functional group and dispersion forces between alkyl or aryl regions of alcohol and phenol molecules.
Alcohols possess a higher boiling point than aliphatic hydrocarbons of similar...
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes01:16

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aldehydes

Aldehydes are named based on the systematic nomenclature rules set by the IUPAC. For acyclic aldehydes, the longest carbon chain containing the aldehydic (–CHO) group is considered the parent chain. The aldehyde is named by replacing the last letter “e” in the hydrocarbon name with “al”. For instance, a simple, seven-carbon-membered acyclic aldehyde is called heptanal, derived from heptane. The carbon chain is numbered starting from the aldehydic carbon, although the aldehydic carbon’s locant...
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines
05:07

Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

Published on: June 23, 2019

4-Methyl-5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ol.

Tara Shahani, Hoong-Kun Fun, R Venkat Ragavan

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a compound (C10H10N2O), revealing two similar molecules. These molecules form dimers and chains through hydrogen bonding and are stabilized by C-H interactions.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Solid-state chemistry
    • Molecular structure analysis

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular interactions is crucial for materials science.
    • Pyrazole and benzene ring systems are common in organic compounds.
    • Hydrogen bonding plays a significant role in crystal packing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound (C10H10N2O).
    • To analyze the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.
    • To characterize the hydrogen bonding motifs and their role in forming extended structures.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles.

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    Published on: July 17, 2020

  • Identification and analysis of intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds and C-H···π interactions.

    • Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules with comparable geometries.
    • Dihedral angles between pyrazole and benzene rings range from 39.57° to 41.95°.
    • Intermolecular O-H···N hydrogen bonds form dimers (R2(2)(8) motifs), which further assemble into chains along [101] via N-H···O hydrogen bonds (R4(4)(10) motifs).
    • A C-H···π interaction further stabilizes the crystal lattice.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of C10H10N2O is characterized by a combination of hydrogen bonding and C-H···π interactions.
    • The identified hydrogen bonding motifs (dimers and chains) dictate the overall crystal packing.
    • The study provides insights into the supramolecular assembly of organic molecules with pyrazole and benzene moieties.