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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

2,3-Dimethyl-6-nitro-quinoxaline.

Raza Murad Ghalib, Rokiah Hashim, Sayed Hasan Mehdi

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the crystal structure of a novel quinoxaline compound, C(10)H(9)N(3)O(2). It reveals planar ring systems and specific dihedral angles, with molecules forming zigzag and ladder-like chains via hydrogen bonds.

    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Quinoxaline derivatives are important scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and materials science.
    • Understanding the solid-state structure of organic compounds is crucial for predicting their properties and designing new materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title quinoxaline compound, C(10)H(9)N(3)O(2).
    • To analyze the molecular geometry, including planarity and dihedral angles.
    • To investigate the intermolecular interactions governing crystal packing.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the crystal structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles was performed.

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  • Identification and analysis of hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions were conducted.

    • Main Results:

    • The asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules (A and B) of C(10)H(9)N(3)O(2).
    • Both quinoxaline ring systems exhibit near planarity.
    • Molecules form extended chains through C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, with additional stabilization from π-π interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure of the quinoxaline compound is characterized by planar ring systems and specific intermolecular interactions.
    • Hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions play a significant role in organizing the molecules into zigzag and ladder-like chains.
    • The detailed structural information provides a basis for further studies on the properties and applications of this quinoxaline derivative.