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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition01:11

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition

Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles. However, nucleophilic aromatic substitutions can be forced under certain conditions, such as high temperatures or strong bases. The mechanism of substitution under such conditions involves the highly unstable and reactive benzyne intermediate. Benzyne contains equivalent carbon centers at both ends of the triple bond, each of which is equally susceptible to nucleophilic attack. This 50–50 distribution of products is confirmed through isotopic...
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.

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Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (<i>E</i>)-<i>N</i>'-benzyl-idene-4-chloro-benzene-sulfono-hydrazide and of its (<i>E</i>)-4-chloro-<i>N</i>'-(<i>ortho</i>- and <i>para</i>-methyl-benzyl-idene)benzene-sulfono-hydrazide derivatives.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
11:01

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

3-Methyl-N-(2-methyl-phen-yl)benzamide.

B Thimme Gowda, Miroslav Tokarčík, Vinola Z Rodrigues

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study details the molecular structure of C(15)H(15)NO, revealing an intramolecular hydrogen bond and specific twists in its amide group. The crystal structure is further stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds forming molecular chains.

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    Area of Science:

    • Crystallography
    • Organic Chemistry
    • Molecular Structure

    Background:

    • Understanding molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions is crucial in crystal engineering.
    • The specific arrangement of functional groups dictates crystal packing and material properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the detailed molecular and crystal structure of the title compound C(15)H(15)NO.
    • To investigate the nature of intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding and pi-stacking.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the three-dimensional molecular structure.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and intermolecular contacts provided insights into structural features.

    Main Results:

    • The molecular structure exhibits an intramolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond.
    • The central amide group displays significant twists relative to the benzoyl and aniline rings (37.95° and 37.88°, respectively).
    • Benzene rings are nearly coplanar (4.2° inclination), with an inter-planar spacing of approximately 0.90 Å. Intermolecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds form chains along the b-axis, and weak C-H⋯π interactions are present.

    Conclusions:

    • The crystal structure is characterized by specific intramolecular and intermolecular interactions that dictate its packing.
    • The observed conformational features and hydrogen bonding patterns are key to understanding the compound's solid-state properties.