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Related Concept Videos

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols02:23

Structure and Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols

Overview
Alcohols are one of the most important functional groups in organic chemistry. The name of alcohol comes from the hydrocarbon from which it is derived. Alcohols are organic molecules containing the functional hydroxyl or –OH group directly bonded to carbon. Phenols have an OH group directly attached to a benzene ring. While alcohols are colorless, phenol is a white crystalline compound with a characteristic "hospital smell" odor.
As with other organic compounds, alcohols and phenols...
Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols02:36

Acidity and Basicity of Alcohols and Phenols

Like water, alcohols are weak acids and bases. This is attributed to the polarization of the O–H bond making the hydrogen partially positive. Moreover, the electron pairs on the oxygen atom of alcohol make it both basic and nucleophilic. Protonation of an alcohol converts hydroxide, a poor leaving group, into water—a good one. The two acid–base equilibria corresponding to ethanol are depicted below.
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para position.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives
11:51

Facile Preparation of 4-Substituted Quinazoline Derivatives

Published on: February 15, 2016

8-(Diphenyl-phosphan-yl)quinoline.

Samik Nag, Mihaela Cibian, Garry S Hanan

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents the first crystallographic evidence of a P-N chelator ligand. The crystal structure reveals the specific spatial arrangement of its phenyl and quinoline rings.

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    Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
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    Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

    Published on: June 10, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Coordination Chemistry
    • Crystallography
    • Organic Synthesis

    Background:

    • The P-N chelator C(21)H(16)NP is a well-established ligand in coordination chemistry.
    • Numerous crystal structures of its metal complexes exist, but the free ligand's structure remained uncharacterized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide the first crystallographic data for the free P-N chelator ligand, C(21)H(16)NP.
    • To elucidate the molecular geometry and conformational preferences of the uncoordinated ligand.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to determine the crystal structure of the free ligand.
    • Analysis of bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles provided insights into the molecular conformation.

    Main Results:

    • The crystal structure of the free P-N chelator C(21)H(16)NP was successfully determined.
    • The study revealed a near-orthogonal arrangement of the phenyl rings with a dihedral angle of 88.9°.
    • Significant twisting of the phenyl rings relative to the quinoline plane was observed (80.5° and 76.3°).

    Conclusions:

    • This work provides crucial crystallographic data for the free P-N chelator, complementing existing studies on its metal complexes.
    • The determined molecular geometry offers a baseline for understanding its coordination behavior and reactivity.