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Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics01:15

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics

Thiazide diuretics are sulfonamide derivatives featuring a benzothiadiazine ring system in their molecular structure. Based on this structure, thiazide diuretics can be categorized into two groups: thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics. Thiazide-type diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide, consist of a benzothiadiazine backbone with an attached sulfonamide group. Thiazide-like diuretics, such as chlorthalidone and indapamide, lack the thiazide ring but demonstrate...
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Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Thiols and sulfides are sulfur analogs of alcohols and ethers, respectively, where the sulfur atom takes the place of the oxygen atom. Thus, thiols are generally represented as RSH, where R is an alkyl substituent and —SH is the functional group. On the other hand, in sulfides, the central sulfur atom is bonded to two hydrocarbon groups on either side. Depending upon the type of group, sulfides can be either symmetrical or asymmetrical. Both thiols and sulfides display a bent geometry, similar...
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Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
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Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...

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1-(2-Hy-droxy-benzo-yl)thio-semicarbazide hemihydrate.

Ming-Zhi Song1, Chuangang Fan

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|May 19, 2011
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This study details the crystal structure of a thiosemicarbazide compound, revealing molecular arrangements and hydrogen bonding. The findings enhance understanding of molecular interactions in crystalline solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Chemical Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Thiosemicarbazide derivatives are known for diverse biological activities.
  • Understanding the crystal structure is crucial for structure-activity relationship studies.
  • The title compound, C(8)H(9)N(3)O(2)S·0.5H(2)O, was synthesized and characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound.
  • To analyze the molecular arrangement and intermolecular interactions.
  • To investigate the role of hydrogen bonding in crystal packing.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed.
  • The crystal structure was solved and refined.
  • Intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • The asymmetric unit contains two independent thiosemicarbazide molecules and one water molecule.
  • A short distance (3.521 Å) was observed between the centroids of the benzene rings of the independent molecules.
  • The benzene rings and thio-semicarbazone fragments exhibit distinct twists (9.2° and 18.5°).
  • An extensive 3D hydrogen-bonding network (N-H⋯O, N-H⋯S, O-H⋯O) was identified, stabilizing the crystal structure.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure is stabilized by a robust three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network.
  • The observed molecular conformations and packing influence the compound's solid-state properties.
  • This structural information provides a foundation for further research into thiosemicarbazide derivatives.