Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)
06:34

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Published on: June 20, 2014

2-Amino-4-(3-fluoro-phen-yl)-6-(naphthalen-1-yl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile

Jia-Ying Xu, Zhao-Chang Gao, Kai-Jin Sun

    Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
    |May 19, 2011
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly09:34

    Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

    Published on: February 6, 2020

    Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines05:07

    Microwave-Assisted Preparation of 1-Aryl-1H-pyrazole-5-amines

    Published on: June 23, 2019

    Related Concept Videos

    Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles01:11

    Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

    Naming Amides
    The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.
    Preparation of Nitriles01:12

    Preparation of Nitriles

    One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
    2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

    2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

    Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
    Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines01:10

    Nomenclature of Aryl and Heterocyclic Amines

    The simplest aromatic amine is phenylamine, which contains an –NH2 functionality directly attached to an aromatic ring. The name aniline is designated for this skeleton. As shown in Figure 1, the common names of the functionalized anilines involve prefixes ortho-, meta-, and para- to indicate the substitution position. Different functionalized aniline derivatives also have notable trivial names.
    Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

    Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

    Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
    Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
    The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...
    Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis01:28

    Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

    Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
    Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...